Suchergebnisse

As the Chinese government has clearly put forward the development of civil&ndash ; military integration (CMI) as a national strategy, civilian manufacturing enterprises entering the military products market (CMEE-MPM) can effectively improve China&rsquo ; s national defense science and technology capabilities and can also be an effective way for enterprises to enhance their sustainable development capabilities. However, due to the high standards and strict requirements of the national defense industry for supplier review, civilian manufacturing enterprises must evaluate their CMEE-MPM capabilities. In this study, a new evaluation and consideration model is proposed. Enterprises that plan to enter the military product market can use this model to evaluate their own CMEE-MPM capabilities. The evaluation model framework is composed of three successive parts: constructing an evaluation indicator system according to experts and enterprise experiences, calculating the weight of the indicators using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and evaluating CMEE-MPM capabilities using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Finally, this study verifies the feasibility of the application of the above model by measuring the capabilities of a civilian manufacturing enterprise that wants to enter the military products market in Harbin, China. The results show that the indicator system constructed in this paper can effectively evaluate CMEE-MPM capabilities. The findings of this research can be used as a reference for the decision making of civilian manufacturing enterprises regarding whether or not to enter the military products market, and then promote the sustainable development of enterprises.

The top management team (TMT) is a key resource for an enterprise&rsquo ; s sustainability, and the study of TMT characteristics is very important to explain the factors involved in an enterprise&rsquo ; s development. In order to comprehensively evaluate the impact of TMT characteristics on enterprise performance in China, the effect of average characteristics and vertical dyad characteristics of TMTs on enterprises performance was researched in this paper. This study is based on upper echelon theory, the similarity&ndash ; attraction paradigm, and social categorization theory, stemming from the dual perspectives of social psychology and social politics. The concept of chairperson&ndash ; TMT vertical dyad similarity is first proposed as a TMT characteristic, and the effect of vertical dyad similarity on enterprise performance is empirically analyzed using panel data from 235 manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) samples. The findings demonstrated that TMT average tenure, TMT age vertical dyad similarity, and tenure vertical dyad similarity have a significant positive effect on enterprise performance, while TMTs&rsquo ; other average characteristics and chairperson&ndash ; TMT vertical dyad differences have no significant effect on enterprise performance.

Qingyi He,2,* Xiaohui Wang,3,* Xing Zhang,4 Huifang Han,4 Baosan Han,5 Jianzhong Xu,2 Kanglai Tang,2 Zhiren Fu,1 Hao Yin1,4 1Department of Surgery, Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai Second Military Medical School, 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 3Department of General Surgery, Bayinguoleng Mengguzizhizhou People's Hospital, Korla, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; 4Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; 5Department of Surgery, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: The traditional xenograft subcutaneous pancreatic cancer model is notorious for its low incidence of tumor formation, inconsistent results for the chemotherapeutic effects of drug molecules of interest, and a poor predictive capability for the clinical efficacy of novel drugs. These drawbacks are attributed to a variety of factors, including inoculation of heterogeneous tumor cells from patients with different pathological histories, and use of poorly defined Matrigel®. In this study, we aimed to tissue-engineer a pancreatic cancer model that could readily cultivate a pancreatic tumor derived from highly homogenous CD24+CD44+ pancreatic cancer stem cells delivered by a well defined electrospun scaffold of poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate) and gelatin. The scaffold supported in vitro tumorigenesis from CD24+CD44+ cancer stem cells for up to 7 days without inducing apoptosis. Moreover, CD24+CD44+ cancer stem cells delivered by the scaffold grew into a native-like mature pancreatic tumor within 8 weeks in vivo and exhibited accelerated tumorigenesis as well as a higher incidence of tumor formation than the traditional model. In the scaffold model, we discovered that oxaliplatin-gemcitabine (OXA-GEM), a chemotherapeutic regimen, induced tumor regression whereas gemcitabine alone only capped tumor growth. The mechanistic study attributed the superior antitumorigenic performance of OXA-GEM to its ability to induce apoptosis of CD24+CD44+ cancer stem cells. Compared with the traditional model, the scaffold model demonstrated a higher incidence of tumor formation and accelerated tumor growth. Use of a tiny population of highly homogenous CD24+CD44+ cancer stem cells delivered by a well defined scaffold greatly reduces the variability associated with the traditional model, which uses a heterogeneous tumor cell population and poorly defined Matrigel. The scaffold model is a robust platform for investigating the antitumorigenesis mechanism of novel chemotherapeutic drugs with a special focus on cancer stem cells.Keywords: pancreatic cancer, cancer stem cell, electrospun scaffold, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin